1-Hydroxypyrene and oxidative stress marker levels among painting workers and office workers at shipyard

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative stress among shipyard workers. Methods: We recruited 82 painting workers in a shipyard and age/sex matched 137 office workers from the same shipyard company. Urine samples were used to assess for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an exposure biomarker for PAHs and to assess for 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α (iPF) as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, and working conditions information were obtained from a questionnaire survey. Results: Geometric mean concentration (±standard deviation) of urinary 1-OHP among painting workers (587.9 ± 3.45 ng/g creatinine) was approximately 6.9 times higher than that among office workers (85.6 ± 2.09 ng/g creatinine; P value < 0.001). Compared to the office workers (163.5 ± 1.84 ng/g creatinine), the painting workers (190.6 ± 1.64 ng/g creatinine) had significantly higher urinary levels of iPF (P value = 0.044). Smokers had significantly higher urinary levels of iPF than nonsmokers in both painting workers (smokers 217.0 ± 1.63; nonsmokers 159.2 ± 1.52 ng/g creatinine; P value = 0.011) and office workers (smokers 181.3 ± 1.79; nonsmokers 138.4 ± 1.90 ng/g creatinine; P value = 0.015). Smokers among office workers had higher urinary levels of iPF than nonsmokers among painting workers, but difference was not significant. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that among shipyard workers, painting works were significantly associated with the exposure to PAHs, compared with the office works. However, iPF should be cautiously used to characterize the oxidative stress associated with the occupational PAHs exposure, because iPF is substantially affected by other factors such as smoking status.