3D-printed Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers: A novel approach to wastewater treatment

Seon Won Yoon; Sang Yeob Kim; Joon Seong Jeon; Seungdae Oh; Sang Yeop Chung; Ji Su Kim; Sung Kyu Maeng

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104711

3D-printed Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers: A novel approach to wastewater treatment

Seon Won Yoon, Sang Yeob Kim, Joon Seong Jeon, Seungdae Oh, Sang Yeop Chung, Ji Su Kim, Sung Kyu Maeng

Department of Civil Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recently, the use of microalgae in 3D printing has been investigated. It has great potential for use in a wide variety of environmental fields such as wastewater treatment. Microalga Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers were fabricated using 3D printing, and their applicability in wastewater treatment was evaluated. To select a candidate hydrogel to support C. vulgaris, alginate (Alg)/methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels containing 3 % Alg and 2, 5, and 8 % MC were used. Based on the rheological evaluation, the Alg3/MC8 hydrogel containing 3 % Alg and 8 % MC showed gel-like behavior. Moreover, it did not degrade compared to Alg3/MC2 and Alg3/MC5. The microalgal ink Alg3/MC8_w/, which is C. vulgaris-laden Alg3/MC8 hydrogel, showed the best printability in the shape fidelity and stackability tests. It could also be stacked into a structure with 30 layers (10.5 mm) at 98 ± 2.3 % accuracy compared to the 3D model. In addition, it achieved removal efficiencies of 52 ± 6 % and 88 ± 6 % for soluble nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, confirming that it could be applied in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that the enhancement of various wastewater treatment procedures can be achieved using 3D-printed microbial biocarriers that offer control over targeted microorganisms.

Original language	English
Article number	104711
Journal	Journal of Water Process Engineering
Volume	57
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104711
State	Published - Jan 2024

Keywords

3D printing
Biocarrier
Chlorella vulgaris
Immobilization
Wastewater treatment

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10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104711

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title = "3D-printed Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers: A novel approach to wastewater treatment",

abstract = "Recently, the use of microalgae in 3D printing has been investigated. It has great potential for use in a wide variety of environmental fields such as wastewater treatment. Microalga Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers were fabricated using 3D printing, and their applicability in wastewater treatment was evaluated. To select a candidate hydrogel to support C. vulgaris, alginate (Alg)/methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels containing 3 % Alg and 2, 5, and 8 % MC were used. Based on the rheological evaluation, the Alg3/MC8 hydrogel containing 3 % Alg and 8 % MC showed gel-like behavior. Moreover, it did not degrade compared to Alg3/MC2 and Alg3/MC5. The microalgal ink Alg3/MC8w/, which is C. vulgaris-laden Alg3/MC8 hydrogel, showed the best printability in the shape fidelity and stackability tests. It could also be stacked into a structure with 30 layers (10.5 mm) at 98 ± 2.3 % accuracy compared to the 3D model. In addition, it achieved removal efficiencies of 52 ± 6 % and 88 ± 6 % for soluble nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, confirming that it could be applied in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that the enhancement of various wastewater treatment procedures can be achieved using 3D-printed microbial biocarriers that offer control over targeted microorganisms.",

keywords = "3D printing, Biocarrier, Chlorella vulgaris, Immobilization, Wastewater treatment",

author = "Yoon, {Seon Won} and Kim, {Sang Yeob} and Jeon, {Joon Seong} and Seungdae Oh and Chung, {Sang Yeop} and Kim, {Ji Su} and Maeng, {Sung Kyu}",

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AU - Chung, Sang Yeop

AU - Kim, Ji Su

AU - Maeng, Sung Kyu

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AB - Recently, the use of microalgae in 3D printing has been investigated. It has great potential for use in a wide variety of environmental fields such as wastewater treatment. Microalga Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers were fabricated using 3D printing, and their applicability in wastewater treatment was evaluated. To select a candidate hydrogel to support C. vulgaris, alginate (Alg)/methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels containing 3 % Alg and 2, 5, and 8 % MC were used. Based on the rheological evaluation, the Alg3/MC8 hydrogel containing 3 % Alg and 8 % MC showed gel-like behavior. Moreover, it did not degrade compared to Alg3/MC2 and Alg3/MC5. The microalgal ink Alg3/MC8w/, which is C. vulgaris-laden Alg3/MC8 hydrogel, showed the best printability in the shape fidelity and stackability tests. It could also be stacked into a structure with 30 layers (10.5 mm) at 98 ± 2.3 % accuracy compared to the 3D model. In addition, it achieved removal efficiencies of 52 ± 6 % and 88 ± 6 % for soluble nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, confirming that it could be applied in wastewater treatment. The results demonstrated that the enhancement of various wastewater treatment procedures can be achieved using 3D-printed microbial biocarriers that offer control over targeted microorganisms.

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3D-printed Chlorella vulgaris biocarriers: A novel approach to wastewater treatment

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