A 3D TransferSpace-based Data Model for Integrating Multimodal Transportation Networks in Smart Cities

In smart cities, the coexistence of diverse transport modes highlights the need for integrating multimodal transportation networks. However, existing approaches typically simplify modal transitions into single points, which do not fully reflect the spatial complexity and continuity of real-world transfer environments. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces an extended data model that conceptualizes intermodal transitions as three-dimensional space, enabling the detailed representation of internal movement paths such as corridors, stairways, and platforms. By extending point-based representations of modal transitions into spatial representations, the proposed model builds upon ISO 19134 to define transitions between different transport modes as spaces, enabling the integration of individually constructed transport networks and allowing for a detailed representation of internal movement paths within a unified multimodal transportation network. This approach allows for precise modeling of transfer paths across micro-scale spaces and supports flexible integration without requiring modifications to the original networks. We expect that the proposed model will effectively address the demands of multilayered transportation environments and serve as a foundation for developing human-oriented multimodal navigation systems.