Age-group differences in body mass index, weight, and height in adults with down syndrome and adults with intellectual disability from the United States

The authors examined if body mass index (BMI), weight, and height across age groups differ between adults with Down syndrome (DS) and adults with intellectual disability but without DS. They conducted secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from 45,803 individuals from the United States from 2009 to 2014 of the National Core Indicators Adult Consumer Survey across five age groups: 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60+ years. For both men and women with DS, BMI and weight increased between the 18-to 29-and the 30-to 39-year age groups and decreased thereafter. For both men and women with intellectual disability, BMI and weight increased between the 18-to 29-and the 30-to 39-year age groups, stayed about the same until the 50-to 59-year age group, and decreased thereafter. Height demonstrated a small but significant decrease with older age in all groups. These cross-sectional comparisons indicate that BMI and weight may start decreasing at a younger age in adults with DS than in adults with intellectual disability.