An extended floor field model considering the spread of fire and detour behavior

This paper proposes an extended floor field model considering the spread of fire and detour behavior. It includes a fire spread field and a fire recognition field. An agent who recognizes a fire makes a detour to an exit with the lowest risk considering transition probability based on the weighted static floor field. The improved transition probability takes into account the agent's visibility reduced by smoke diffusion. The proposed model differs from the related models in that the agent dynamically chooses the safety path upon fire detection. Compared to simulations using commercial software, the model predicted longer evacuation times and fewer agents inhaling smoke. The model's implementation included realistic pedestrian movements, such as trying to move away from a smoke-filled space.