An extremely low temperature environment operatable hybrid dual-functioning energy device driven by a supercapacitor/piezo-triboelectric generator system

Maintaining the quick-charging capacity of flexible supercapacitors (SCs) at low temperatures is a significant challenge. At reduced energy levels, the charging performance of piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators (PTNGs) using composite electrodes often deteriorates rapidly, owing to slow ion and charge transfer in the electrode electrolyte. Here, we present a self-chargeable power generator/SC-coupled device designed to operate at very low temperatures, ranging from 25 °C to −80 °C. The smart SC was fabricated using a PEDOT:TREN:PDMS:Ni@MnCO₃/PEDOT:TREN:PVDF-PTFE:Ni@MnCO₃ composite system and achieved a specific capacitance of 317 F g⁻¹ with 11.9 V charging power generation at −80 °C. At room temperature (25 °C), the attained capacitance was 542 F g⁻¹ with a power generation of 22 V, suggesting that this technology can potentially fulfill the urgent requirement for low-temperature-compatible wearable devices with autonomous rechargeable, stable power sources for next-generation electronics.