Biosynthetic Linkage between the Color and Scent of Flowers: A Review

Flower color and fragrance are important traits that give ornamental plants their value. The synergistic combination of flower color and scent attracts pollinators with specific preferences. In this study, we discuss the connection between biosynthetic pathways leading to color and scent in flowers. Pigments and scent compounds in flowers vary in phenol and terpene contents, providing many combinations of color and scent. Many floral pigments and scent compounds share the same biosynthetic pathways, including the shikimate (SA), methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), and mevalonate (MVA) pathways. In addition to reviewing the biosynthesis, functions, and changes in floral color and scent in relation to abiotic factors, we suggest a novel schematic diagram of the shared biosynthetic pathways in flowering plants for floral pigments and scent compounds classified as phenolics and terpenes. Although more information is still needed, it seems clear that the color and scent of flowers have a biochemical connection and are a selective choice. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical linkage between the color and fragrance of flowers is critical for developing new varieties with novel traits.