Concentric circular flow field to improve mass transport in large-scale proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells

Uniform reactant supply is challenging for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) in renewable energy storage. The anode flow-field pattern, anode flow-field orientation, and stoichiometric ratio influence mass transport. In this study, the performances of two flow-field patterns were compared for a single PEMWE cell with an active area of 100 cm². Straight serpentine was used as the reference model and a concentric circle with an arc shape was designed. In addition, the optimal anode flow field orientation and stoichiometric ratio were determined. The results indicate that the optimal anode flow-field pattern differs depending on the stoichiometric ratio. At low flow rates, mass transfer via diffusion was dominant; therefore, a straight serpentine flow was preferred. In contrast, a concentric circle, which induces a significant differential pressure between adjacent channels, is preferable at a high flow rate. This is because convection is dominant in mass transfer. Maintaining a stoichiometric ratio of 10 or more is recommended during the operation. At a ratio of less than 10, the reactant was depleted at a high current density, and the mass transfer resistance increased. In addition, water is better distributed by gravity and buoyancy when the electrolyte membrane is parallel to the ground, and the anode flow path is above the porous medium. This leads to high PEMWE cell performance.