Dielectric properties of BaTiO₃ nanocrystals synthesized by ambient-condition-sol process at low temperatures

Barium titanate nanocrystals were synthesized via an ambient-condition-sol (ACS) process using low temperature heat reflux. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and capacitance–voltage measurements to investigate their crystal structure, chemical bonding, size distribution, and structural, dielectric, and electrical properties. The ACS process was carried out at temperatures lower than 100 °C to avoid the agglomeration of the nanocrystals. Because of the low temperature used in this study, small barium titanate nanocrystals were obtained (average size ranged from 280 to 120 nm). The bigger barium titanate nanocrystals showed higher dielectric constant than the smaller ones (size of up to 140 nm).