TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of palladium on the black mass-based catalyst prepared from spent Zn/Mn alkaline batteries for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds
AU - Kim, Sang Chai
AU - Kim, Min Ki
AU - Jung, Sang Chul
AU - Jung, Ho Young
AU - Kim, Hyunook
AU - Park, Young Kwon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - A large amount of spent batteries is produced annually. When spente batteries are buried, their harmful components may contaminate soil and water. Therefore, recycling of spent batteries is essential for environmental reasons. We evaluated the BM (black mass) of spent Zn/Mn alkaline batteries as a catalyst substance for the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs: benzene, toluene, and o-xylene). The SBM catalyst (black mass-based catalyst) was prepared by treating BM with 0.1 N of sulfuric acid solution. Major elements of the SBM catalyst were manganese, zinc, iron, aluminum, potassium, and sodium except for carbon. In addition, to find out the additive effect of palladium on the SBM catalyst, we prepared the Pd/SBM catalysts using a conventional impregnation method. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the SBM and Pd/SBM catalysts by instrumental analysis. Benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BTX) were oxidized completely over the SBM catalyst at reaction temperatures less than 410, 340, and 410 °C, respectively (gas hourly space velocity: 40,000 h−1). As expected, for the Pd/SBM catalysts, increasing the palladium loading on the SBM from 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% increased the conversions of BTX. In the 1.0 wt% Pd/SBM catalyst, the reaction temperatures for catalytic combustion of BTX were greatly reduced to 310, 260, and 250 °C, respectively (gas hourly space velocity: 40,000 h−1). Instrumental analysis indicated that the increase in activity by adding palladium resulted from the active ingredient (palladium oxide: PdO) and better redox properties.
AB - A large amount of spent batteries is produced annually. When spente batteries are buried, their harmful components may contaminate soil and water. Therefore, recycling of spent batteries is essential for environmental reasons. We evaluated the BM (black mass) of spent Zn/Mn alkaline batteries as a catalyst substance for the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs: benzene, toluene, and o-xylene). The SBM catalyst (black mass-based catalyst) was prepared by treating BM with 0.1 N of sulfuric acid solution. Major elements of the SBM catalyst were manganese, zinc, iron, aluminum, potassium, and sodium except for carbon. In addition, to find out the additive effect of palladium on the SBM catalyst, we prepared the Pd/SBM catalysts using a conventional impregnation method. We investigated the physicochemical properties of the SBM and Pd/SBM catalysts by instrumental analysis. Benzene, toluene, and o-xylene (BTX) were oxidized completely over the SBM catalyst at reaction temperatures less than 410, 340, and 410 °C, respectively (gas hourly space velocity: 40,000 h−1). As expected, for the Pd/SBM catalysts, increasing the palladium loading on the SBM from 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt% increased the conversions of BTX. In the 1.0 wt% Pd/SBM catalyst, the reaction temperatures for catalytic combustion of BTX were greatly reduced to 310, 260, and 250 °C, respectively (gas hourly space velocity: 40,000 h−1). Instrumental analysis indicated that the increase in activity by adding palladium resulted from the active ingredient (palladium oxide: PdO) and better redox properties.
KW - Black mass
KW - Catalytic combustion
KW - Palladium
KW - Spent Zn/Mn alkaline battery
KW - Volatile organic compounds
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102830039&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130209
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130209
M3 - Article
C2 - 34088094
AN - SCOPUS:85102830039
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 276
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 130209
ER -