Effect of stabilizing agents on the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles

The effects of stabilizing agents and the reaction conditions on the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles were examined. Palladium nanoparticles were prepared using palladium (II) chloride (PdCl₂) as a precursor and sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as the reducing agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used as the stabilizing agents. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the prepared palladium nanoparticles. The size of the palladium nanoparticles was dependent on the concentration of the precursor, reaction temperature, and stirring rate. The stabilizing agents had an effect on the morphology of the palladium nanoparticles.