Effects of 16-Week Exercise on Insulin, HOMA-IR, and Glucose Levels in Obese Childhood

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 16-week exercise program on insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glucose levels. This study aimed to assess whether regular physical activity could improve insulin sensitivity and reduce metabolic risk, particularly in children with obesity. METHODS: Thirty-three elementary school students aged 11-12 years were recruited, 16 of whom were classified as having normal weight and 17 with obesity, based on body mass index percentiles. The participants engaged in a structured exercise program for 16 weeks, which included sports games, aerobic exercises, and resistance training, performed three times per week. Fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR levels were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: At baseline, the obese group exhibited significantly higher insulin and HOMA-IR levels, compared with the normal-weight group. After the 16-week exercise program, the obese group showed a significant reduction in both insulin and HOMA-IR levels, indi-cating improved insulin sensitivity. No significant changes in the glucose levels were observed in either group. The normal-weight group did not show significant changes in insulin or HOMA-IR levels after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that a 16-week structured exercise program can significantly improve insulin sensitivity in children with obesity, as evidenced by reductions in insulin and HOMA-IR levels. These results highlight the importance of incorporating regular physical activity into interventions aimed at managing obesity and its associated metabolic risks in children.