Experiment and multiphase CFD simulation of gas-solid flow in a CFB reactor at various operating conditions: Assessing the performance of 2D and 3D simulations

Accurate prediction of gas-solid flow hydrodynamics is key for the design, optimization, and scale-up of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with two-dimensional (2D) domain has been routinely used, considering the computational costs involved in three-dimensional (3D) simulations. This work evaluated the prediction capability of 2D and 3D gas-solid flow simulation in the lab-scale CFB riser section. The difference between 2D and 3D CFD simulation predictions was assessed and discussed in detail, considering several flow variables (superficial gas velocity, solid circulation rate, and secondary air injection). The transient Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model was used. CFD simulation results were validated through an in-house experiment. The comparison between the experimental data and both computational domains shows that the 3D simulation can accurately predict the axial solid holdup profile. The CFD simulation comparison considering several flow conditions clearly indicated the limitation of the 2D simulation to accurately predict key hydrodynamic features, such as high solid holdup near the riser exit and riser bottom dense region. The accuracy of 2D and 3D simulations was further assessed using root-mean-square error calculation. Results indicated that the 3D simulation predicts flow behavior with higher accuracy than the 2D simulation.