Factors Affecting Urogenital Health Behaviors in Women Serving in the Korean Military: A Mixed Methods Study

Background Although women serving in the Korean military are steadily increasing, little is known on the status and related factors of their urogenital health behaviors (UHB), especially during field training. This study aims to identify UHB status and its affecting factors among female military personnel in South Korea. Materials and Methods An exploratory sequential mixed methods design was used. First, the experiences of UHB were explored through interviews (n=17), followed by a cross-sectional survey to identify its affecting factors (n=719). The integration phase was done via joint display of findings. Results The experiences of UHB centered on 4 categories: ‘holding it to avoid restroom use’; ‘Walking on eggshells (noonchi) in unavoidable situations’; ‘seeking solutions independently’; and ‘hoping for an improved work environment.’ The majority of participants reported problems in changing feminine hygiene products in the field (344 out of 377, 91.2%) Among those who had experienced duty or training in the field in the past 6 months (n=520) 90% (n=469) reported having reduced water intake in the field and 91.0% (n=473) delayed urination during field training. Branch, position, length of service, confidence in performing UHB, job stress, supervisor support, military health provider support, unit type, presence of female supervisor had significant influences on UHB. Thus, quantitative findings corroborated with and further built up the qualitative findings. Conclusions Interventions for improving female military personnel’s UHB are needed, especially for those whose branches are combat or combat support, who work in battalion level units, and who are in staff positions.