@inproceedings{72b26db1314b45278905b9518249b386,
title = "GEM: performance and aging tests",
abstract = "Performance and aging tests have been done to characterize Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs), including further design improvements such as a thicker GEM and a closed GEM. Since the effective GEM gain is typically smaller than the absolute GEM gain, due to trapping of avalanche electrons at the bottom GEM electrode, we performed field simulations and measurements for better understanding, and discuss methods to eliminate this effect. Other performance parameters of the GEMs are also presented, including absolute GEM gain, short-term and long-term gain stabilities.",
author = "Cho, {H. S.} and J. Kadyk and Han, {S. H.} and Hong, {W. S.} and V. Perez-Mendez and W. Wenzel and K. Pitts and Martin, {M. D.} and Hutchins, {J. B.}",
year = "1999",
language = "English",
isbn = "0780350227",
series = "IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference",
publisher = "IEEE",
pages = "589--593",
booktitle = "IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference",
note = "Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record ; Conference date: 08-11-1998 Through 14-11-1998",
}