Highly stable Fabry-Pérot fiber-optic modulation device based on the photothermal effect of V₂C MXene

The photothermal effect of MXene has attracted considerable attention because of its vast application potential. In this study, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI)-based fiber-optic modulation device utilizing the good photothermal effect and high thermal conductivity of MXene V₂C was realized. The modulation device was fabricated by forming a reflective FPI structure with two layers composed of a polymer layer and a MXene V₂C layer on top of a fiber ferrule facet. An excellent pump-to-phase conversion efficiency of 0.332 π/mW was achieved using the device, which is larger than the values of other types of two-dimensional material-based photothermal modulation devices. The extinction ratio (ER) was ∼16.44 dB. The rise and fall time constants were ∼10 ms and ∼9 ms, respectively. The stability of the fabricated device was also investigated; the standard deviations of the extinction ratio and resonance wavelength fluctuation were 0.103 % and 0.002 nm, respectively.