TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of estimated pulse wave velocity and socioeconomic status on the risk of stroke in men
T2 - a prospective cohort study
AU - Jae, Sae Young
AU - Heffernan, Kevin S.
AU - Kim, Hyun Jeong
AU - Kunutsor, Setor K.
AU - Fernhall, Bo
AU - Kurl, Sudhir
AU - Laukkanen, Jari A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - Objective:High pulse wave velocity (PWV) and low socioeconomic status (SES) are each associated with increased risk of stroke, but clarification of the interplay between PWV, SES and the risk of stroke appears to be warranted to identify vulnerable populations at high risk of stroke. We conducted a prospective study that examined the independent and joint associations of PWV and SES with the risk of stroke in the general population.Methods:The current study included 2666 men aged 42-61 years, who were enrolled in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. Estimated PWV (ePWV), a proxy of carotid-femoral PWV, was calculated from an equation based on age and mean blood pressure. SES was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and classified as tertiles, whereas ePWV was categorized as high (≥10m/s) and low (<10m/s).Results:Individuals with high ePWV had a 48% higher risk of stroke after adjusting for confounding factors, whereas individuals with low SES had a similar 35% increased risk of stroke, compared with those high SES. Results of the joint associations of ePWV and SES with stroke showed high ePWV-high SES and high ePWV-low SES to be each associated with an increased risk of stroke: hazard ratios 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (1.12-2.08) and hazard ratio 1.63, 95% CI (1.21-2.20), respectively, but low ePWV-low SES was not associated with a heightened risk of stroke (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 0.87-1.44) compared with the low ePWV-high SES group.Conclusion:ePWV and SES are each independently associated with stroke risk. The association between elevated ePWV and the heightened risk of stroke is regardless of low or high SES.
AB - Objective:High pulse wave velocity (PWV) and low socioeconomic status (SES) are each associated with increased risk of stroke, but clarification of the interplay between PWV, SES and the risk of stroke appears to be warranted to identify vulnerable populations at high risk of stroke. We conducted a prospective study that examined the independent and joint associations of PWV and SES with the risk of stroke in the general population.Methods:The current study included 2666 men aged 42-61 years, who were enrolled in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. Estimated PWV (ePWV), a proxy of carotid-femoral PWV, was calculated from an equation based on age and mean blood pressure. SES was assessed using self-reported questionnaires and classified as tertiles, whereas ePWV was categorized as high (≥10m/s) and low (<10m/s).Results:Individuals with high ePWV had a 48% higher risk of stroke after adjusting for confounding factors, whereas individuals with low SES had a similar 35% increased risk of stroke, compared with those high SES. Results of the joint associations of ePWV and SES with stroke showed high ePWV-high SES and high ePWV-low SES to be each associated with an increased risk of stroke: hazard ratios 1.53, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (1.12-2.08) and hazard ratio 1.63, 95% CI (1.21-2.20), respectively, but low ePWV-low SES was not associated with a heightened risk of stroke (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 0.87-1.44) compared with the low ePWV-high SES group.Conclusion:ePWV and SES are each independently associated with stroke risk. The association between elevated ePWV and the heightened risk of stroke is regardless of low or high SES.
KW - pulse wave velocity
KW - socioeconomic status
KW - stroke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85132451999&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003118
DO - 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003118
M3 - Article
C2 - 35239548
AN - SCOPUS:85132451999
SN - 0263-6352
VL - 40
SP - 1165
EP - 1169
JO - Journal of Hypertension
JF - Journal of Hypertension
IS - 6
ER -