TY - JOUR
T1 - Microwave detection of metastasized breast cancer cells in the lymph node; potential application for sentinel lymphadenectomy
AU - Ji, Wook Choi
AU - Cho, Jeiwon
AU - Lee, Yangsoo
AU - Yim, Jounghwa
AU - Kang, Byoungjoong
AU - Ki, Keun Oh
AU - Woo, Hee Jung
AU - Hee, Jung Kim
AU - Cheon, Changyul
AU - Lee, Hy De
AU - Kwon, Youngwoo
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients and an appropriate detection of metastasis can provide better prognosis and quality treatments. Microwaves can reveal the unique electromagnetic properties of materials, and this study aims to unleash the electromagnetic properties of breast cancer cells, especially, metastasized cancer cells in the lymph nodes, using broad-band microwaves in attempts to detect metastases. To distinguish the cancer-specific patterns of cancer tissues, three primary microwave parameters were assessed, i.e., permittivity in mid-band frequency (3-5 GHz), conductivity in high-band frequencies (25-30 GHz) and slope changes of permittivity at high-band frequencies (15-30 GHz). An additional parameter, Cancer Metastasis Index (CMI), was developed to effectively represent all parameters. Broadband microwave scanning can reveal cancer specific electromagnetic behaviors in all three parameters, and these were reliably reflected by CMI. CMI effectively magnified the difference of the electromagnetic properties between normal nodal tissues and cancer tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistries were performed to verify the origin of electromagnetic changes represented by CMI values.
AB - Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients and an appropriate detection of metastasis can provide better prognosis and quality treatments. Microwaves can reveal the unique electromagnetic properties of materials, and this study aims to unleash the electromagnetic properties of breast cancer cells, especially, metastasized cancer cells in the lymph nodes, using broad-band microwaves in attempts to detect metastases. To distinguish the cancer-specific patterns of cancer tissues, three primary microwave parameters were assessed, i.e., permittivity in mid-band frequency (3-5 GHz), conductivity in high-band frequencies (25-30 GHz) and slope changes of permittivity at high-band frequencies (15-30 GHz). An additional parameter, Cancer Metastasis Index (CMI), was developed to effectively represent all parameters. Broadband microwave scanning can reveal cancer specific electromagnetic behaviors in all three parameters, and these were reliably reflected by CMI. CMI effectively magnified the difference of the electromagnetic properties between normal nodal tissues and cancer tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistries were performed to verify the origin of electromagnetic changes represented by CMI values.
KW - Breast cancer
KW - Broadband microwaves
KW - Lymph node
KW - Metastasis
KW - Sentinel lymphadenectomy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=3342971296&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1023/B:BREA.0000032979.52773.fb
DO - 10.1023/B:BREA.0000032979.52773.fb
M3 - Article
C2 - 15319563
AN - SCOPUS:3342971296
SN - 0167-6806
VL - 86
SP - 107
EP - 115
JO - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
JF - Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
IS - 2
ER -