Research on institutional frameworks for historic preservation through sustainable management and adaptive reuse: a comparative study in Philadelphia and Seoul

This study compares the historical preservation systems of Philadelphia, USA and Seoul, South Korea, focusing on regulatory content and implementation procedures to identify the necessary institutional elements for achieving sustainable preservation and utilization of urban heritage. As cities worldwide increasingly emphasize sustainable preservation, this research explores how regulatory frameworks and implementation strategies influence preservation outcomes. The study finds that Philadelphia's adaptive reuse-focused preservation system, which integrates both physical and intangible values, fosters a balance between conservation and modern utilization. In contrast, Seoul's preservation system remains more focused on physical conservation, with strict regulations that limit adaptive reuse and community involvement. Case studies, including Philadelphia’s Old City Historic District and Seoul’s Bukchon Hanok Village, demonstrate that Philadelphia’s integrated, flexible system with proactive public-private cooperation leads to more sustainable outcomes. The study concludes that for sustainable preservation, cities should adopt a regulatory approach that balances preservation with utilization, integrates the city’s historical context, and ensures ongoing management through dedicated institutions and regular reviews. Additionally, public-private cooperation, citizen involvement, and diverse financial support policies are essential for successful preservation outcomes. This comparison offers valuable insights for cities seeking to improve their historical preservation systems through sustainable conservation and utilization.