Semantic BIM enrichment for firefighting assets: Fire-ART dataset and panoramic image-based 3D reconstruction

Inventory management of firefighting assets is crucial for emergency preparedness, risk assessment, and on-site fire response. However, conventional methods are inefficient due to limited capabilities in automated asset recognition and reconstruction. To address the challenge, this research introduces the Fire-ART dataset and develops a panoramic image-based reconstruction approach for semantic enrichment of firefighting assets into BIM models. The Fire-ART dataset covers 15 fundamental assets, comprising 2,626 images and 6,627 instances, making it an extensive and publicly accessible dataset for asset recognition. In addition, the reconstruction approach integrates modified cube-map conversion and radius-based spherical camera projection to enhance recognition and localization accuracy. Through validations with three real-world case studies, the proposed approach achieves an average F1-score of 83.3% and an average localization error of 0.37 m, respectively. The Fire-ART dataset and the reconstruction approach offer valuable resources and robust technical solutions to enhance the accurate digital management of fire safety equipment.