Sewage sludge steam gasification over bimetallic mesoporous Al-MCM48 catalysts for efficient hydrogen generation

This study explored the potential of steam gasification of sewage sludge over different temperatures (non-catalytic) and bimetallic (Ni–Fe and Ni–Co) mesoporous Al-MCM48 (3–5% Al basis). The higher temperature (800 °C) resulted in higher gas yield (36.74 wt%) and syngas (H₂ and CO) selectivity (35.30 vol% and 11.66 vol%). Moreover, catalytic approach displayed that the Al-MCM48 was effective support because the incorporation of nickel increased the efficiency of gasification reactions compared to HZSM-5 (30). It mainly comes from the presence of mesopores and higher surface area (710.05 m²/g) providing more reaction sites and higher stability (less coke formation). Furthermore, the addition of promoters such as Co and Fe allowed the formation of Ni–Fe and Ni–Co alloys, resulting in even higher gas yield and overall H₂ and CO selectivity due to the promotion of related reactions such as tar cracking, Boudouard, water gas shift and reforming and so on. Ni–Co alloy catalyst (10% Ni–5% Co/Al-MCM48) resulted in the highest H₂ (∼52 vol%) selectivity due to the enhanced Ni dispersion and synergy effect between Ni and Co. Moreover, the application of bi-metal alloy on Al-MCM48 showed no coke formation and significantly reduced CO₂ and hydrocarbon selectivity in the product gas. Overall, this study presented a promising solution for sewage sludge disposal in terms of clean H₂ generation, reduction in CO₂ and higher stability of metal based catalysts at the same time.