Temperature-dependent ferroelastic switching of ferroelectric ceramics and evolution of linear material properties

A poled lead titanate zirconate rectangular parallelepiped is subjected to compressive stress of four different magnitudes at four different temperatures, from room to high temperature. Electric displacement in the poling direction and extensional strains in the longitudinal and transverse directions are measured and plotted vs. applied stress and temperature. The effects of stress and temperature on the nonlinear behavior of the materials are discussed. Linear material properties, such as the piezoelectric coefficient, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and the switching-induced Poisson's ratio, are then evaluated from the measured data. The dependence of the evaluated material properties on the stress, temperature and relative remnant polarization is analyzed.