THE USE, EFFECTIVENESS, AND UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC SANCTIONS BY INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

This chapter provides a detailed overview of existing literature on the initiation, effectiveness, and (possibly) unintended consequences of multilateral sanctions under the auspices of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). It elucidates the recently collected data on the use of imposed sanctions by IGOs over time, before providing an account of whether and why IGO-led sanctions might be more effective than unilateral sanctions. It also assesses possible socio-economic and political consequences of IGO-led sanctions for targeted states. It concludes with a discussion of major lessons that could be drawn from the record of sanctions levied by IGOs to guide future policymaking during foreign policy crises. The Annex provides the list of all multilateral sanctions imposed by IGOs (1921-2022).