Variational calculations of subbands in a quantum well with uniform electric field: Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization approach

We present variational calculations of subband eigenstates in an infinite quantum well with an applied electric field using Gram-Schmidt orthogonalized trial wave functions. The results agree very well with the exact numerical solutions even up to 1200 kV/cm. We also show that for increasing electric fields the energy of the ground state decreases, while that of higher subband states increases slightly up to 1000 kV/cm and then decreases for a well size of 100 Å.